75 Solved MCQs are a powerful tool for mastering any chapter. This comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions for Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution (Class 9 History, Chapter 2) will help you build a strong foundation for your exams. These questions cover key events, figures, and concepts like the February and October Revolutions, the roles of Lenin and Stalin, and the various political groups that shaped this pivotal moment in history.
At Dhingra Classes Nashik, we believe that consistent practice with such questions is a cornerstone of academic excellence.
📚 Set 1: Foundational MCQs
1. At the beginning of the 20th century, the majority of the Russian people worked in the:
A. Industrial sector
B. Agricultural sector
C. Mining sector
D. Transport sector
Answer: (b) – The vast majority of Russia’s population were agriculturists.
2. In the mid-19th century, which idea attracted widespread attention on the restructuring of society in Europe?
A. Capitalism
B. Socialism
C. Dictatorship
D. None of the above
3. Which religion was followed by most of the people of Russia?
A. Catholics
B. Protestants
C. Russian Orthodox Christianity
D. None of the above
4. Who were the “Jadidists”?
A. They were nationalists
B. They were revolutionaries
C. They were Buddhists
D. They were the Muslim reformers within the Russian empire
5. During World War I, Russia fought against:
A. Britain & France
B. Germany, Austria & Turkey
C. America
D. All of the above
Answer: (b) – Russia was part of the Allied Powers, fighting against the Central Powers.
6. Why did the Tsar dismiss the first Duma within 75 days of its election?
A. Because it was incapable of taking good decisions
B. Because the Tsar did not want anyone to question his authority
C. The term of first Duma was of 75 days only
D. None of the above
7. Who led the Bolshevik group in Russia during the Russian Revolution?
A. Karl Marx
B. Friedrich Engels
C. Vladimir Lenin
D. Trotsky
8. Socialists took over the government in Russia through the:
A. February Revolution in 1917
B. October Revolution in 1917
C. November Revolution in 1918
D. December Revolution in 1919
Answer: (b) – Also known as the Bolshevik Revolution.
9. Who started the ‘Collectivisation Programme’ in Russia?
A. Lenin
B. Karl Marx
C. Stalin
D. Rasputin
10. Who were the ‘Kulaks’?
A. Workers of the Bolshevik Party
B. Workers of the Menshevik Party
C. Well-to-do peasants
D. Landless labourers
11. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in:
A. 1898
B. 1900
C. 1905
D. 1917
12. The incident known as ‘Bloody Sunday’ occurred in:
A. 1905
B. 1914
C. 1917
D. 1920
13. The Soviet Union under Stalin can best be described as a:
A. Socialist democracy
B. Communist utopia
C. Ruthless dictatorship
D. Constitutional monarchy
14. What does ‘Soviet’ mean in the Russian context?
A. Parliament
B. Council
C. Army
D. Court
15. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Russia and:
A. Germany
B. Britain
C. France
D. Japan
16. Who led the provisional government formed in March 1917?
A. Lenin
B. Kerensky
C. Trotsky
D. Stalin
17. The secret police force created by the Bolsheviks was called:
A. Gestapo
B. Cheka
C. KGB
D. NKVD
18. Tsar Nicholas II abdicated on:
A. 15 March 1917
B. 25 October 1917
C. 2 April 1930
D. 5 January 1922
Answer: (a) – On March 2, 1917 (according to the Julian calendar, which is March 15 according to the Gregorian calendar).
19. The main leader of the Russian Revolution was:
A. Lenin
B. Stalin
C. Tolstoy
D. Gorky
20. Who is considered the father of socialism?
A. Rousseau
B. Karl Marx
C. Engels
D. Bakunin
📚 Set 2: Assertion and Reasoning MCQs
21. Assertion (A): Liberals were not Democrats.
Reason (R): Liberals did not believe in Universal Adult Franchise and wanted the right to vote for only the men of property.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Answer: (a) – This accurately explains the liberal position.
22. Assertion (A): The Tsar dismissed the First Duma within 75 days of its Election.
Reason (R): The Tsar did not want any reduction in his power.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
23. Assertion (A): Workers in England and Germany began forming associations.
Reason (R): They wanted new machinery to be installed in factories.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer: (c) – Workers formed associations to fight for better living and working conditions.
24. Assertion (A): There was speculation that in 1917, the provisional government would establish a dictatorship.
Reason (R): The Bolsheviks gained importance as soon as Lenin returned from exile.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
📚 Set 3: Leaders, Groups, and Ideas MCQs
25. Which of the following was NOT a feature of socialism?
A. Collective ownership of property
B. Class-based society
C. Social welfare
D. Equality
Answer: (b) – Socialism advocates for a classless society.
26. What was ‘Budeonovka’?
A. A Bolshevik newspaper
B. A special cap worn by Bolshevik supporters
C. A revolutionary song
D. A Soviet building
27. Which of these groups did NOT exist during the Russian Civil War?
A. Whites
B. Reds
C. Greens
D. Blacks
Answer: (d) – The Greens were a third force.
28. Which of the following was NOT a feature of the 19th century Europe?
A. New cities
B. High wages
C. Industrial Revolution
D. Expansion of Railways
Answer: (b) – Workers generally faced low wages and poor conditions.
29. Who were the important Socialists of the 19th century Europe?
A. Rousseau and Voltaire
B. Lenin and Stalin
C. Charles Darwin and Spencer
D. Karl Marx and Engels
30. On 16th October 1917, Lenin persuaded whom to agree to a Socialist seizure of power?
A. The liberals, radicals and conservatives
B. Alexander Kerensky
C. The Petrograd Soviet and the Bolshevik Party
D. All Russian Congress of Soviets
31. Lenin believed that the workers would triumph in their conflicts with the capitalists. A communist society was the natural society of the future. This aligns with the ideas of:
A. Rousseau
B. Adam Smith
C. Karl Marx
D. None of the above
Answer: (c)
32. Who was the leader of the Mensheviks?
A. Lenin
B. Stalin
C. Trotsky
D. None of the above
Answer: (d) – The Mensheviks were led by figures like Julius Martov.
33. The name of St. Petersburg was changed to Petrograd in 1914 because:
A. It sounded more Russian
B. It was a royal decree
C. It was to commemorate a victory
D. Russia was at war with Germany
Answer: (a) – It was changed to sound less German.
34. The Duma was the:
A. Russian Parliament
B. Russian Army
C. Secret Police
D. Russian Court
📚 Set 4: Key Events and Dates MCQs
35. When did the October Revolution begin?
A. 5 November 1917
B. 6 November 1917
C. 7 November 1917
D. 8 November 1917
Answer: (c) – According to the Gregorian calendar (October 25 according to the Julian calendar).
36. The Russian Revolution took place in:
A. 1717 AD
B. 1817 AD
C. 1917 AD
D. 1972 AD
37. When did the Tsarist Empire fall?
A. 15 March 1917
B. 27 February 1930
C. 2 April 1930
D. 5 January 1922
38. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed in:
A. 1917
B. 1918
C. 1919
D. 1920
39. The Russian Civil War lasted from:
A. 1917 to 1918
B. 1918 to 1920
C. 1919 to 1922
D. 1917 to 1921
40. In what year was the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party founded?
A. 1898
B. 1900
C. 1905
D. 1917
41. Bloody Sunday occurred in which year?
A. 1904
B. 1905
C. 1906
D. 1917
42. The government suspended the Duma on:
A. 24 February 1905
B. 25 February 1917
C. 21 February 1908
D. 22 February 1914
43. The lockout that triggered the February Revolution took place on:
A. 22 February 1917
B. 23 February 1917
C. 24 February 1917
D. 25 February 1917
44. When was Russia proclaimed a republic?
A. 3 March 1917
B. 25 October 1917
C. 1 September 1917
D. 5 January 1918
📚 Set 5: Concepts and Causes MCQs
45. Why did the Tsar dismiss the first Duma?
A. Because it was incapable of taking good decisions
B. Because the Tsar did not want anyone to question his authority
C. The term of first Duma was of 75 days only
D. None of the above
46. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Russian Revolution?
A. Autocratic rule
B. The miserable condition of the common people
C. The spread of socialism
D. The popularity of the monarchy
47. What was the condition of the workers at the beginning of the 20th century?
A. They had high wages
B. They had short working hours
C. They were highly skilled
D. None of the above
Answer: (d) – They faced long hours, poor wages, and divided social groups.
48. How did the First World War affect Russia?
A. It boosted the economy
B. It caused severe food and labour shortages
C. It strengthened the Tsar’s position
D. It had no significant impact
49. What is the name of the secret police in Russia?
A. Gestapo
B. KGB
C. Cheka
D. Stasi
50. Russia was having an __________ Government.
A. Democratic
B. Aristocratic
C. Autocratic
D. Republican
51. By 1914, what percentage of the factory labour force were women?
A. 15%
B. 20%
C. 31%
D. 40%
52. What were the 5 Year Plans in Russia?
A. Military strategies
B. Plans for political reform
C. Centralised plans for economic growth
D. Plans for cultural development
53. What is the name of the police force established by the Bolsheviks?
A. The Duma
B. The Cheka
C. The KGB
D. The Politburo
54. The Russian Revolution had a global influence, leading to:
A. The establishment of communist parties in several countries
B. The end of World War I
C. The end of colonialism in all countries
D. The immediate defeat of all capitalist countries
55. Why did Stalin introduce collectivization?
A. To increase the power of the peasants
B. To make small-scale farming more efficient
C. To overcome food shortages and modernize agriculture
D. To reduce the power of the state
56. What was the ‘dual power’ that emerged in Russia in 1917?
A. The power of the Tsar and the Duma
B. The power of the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet
C. The power of the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks
D. The power of the army and the church
57. Who led the provisional government after the February Revolution?
A. Lenin
B. Trotsky
C. Kerensky
D. Stalin
58. What role did the Petrograd Soviet play after the February Revolution?
A. It supported the Tsar
B. It challenged the authority of the Provisional Government
C. It rejected the demands of the workers
D. It called for a return to autocracy
59. What was the main demand of Lenin’s April Theses?
A. Continued support for the war
B. An end to the war, land to the peasants, and banks to be nationalised
C. Support for the Provisional Government
D. A return to the old ways
60. The Russian Revolution is a turning point in history because:
A. It marked the end of World War I
B. It brought an end to the monarchy in Russia
C. It established a completely new type of state
D. It was a completely bloodless revolution
Answer: (c)
61. Who were the Whites in the Russian Civil War?
A. Supporters of the Bolsheviks
B. Supporters of the Tsar
C. People who wanted no side in the conflict
D. An army of foreign invaders
62. What was War Communism?
A. The Bolshevik policy during the Civil War
B. The policy of the Provisional Government
C. A German policy
D. A British policy
63. The Bolshevik Party was renamed the ________.
A. Social Democratic Party
B. Russian Communist Party
C. Socialist Workers Party
D. Menshevik Party
Answer: (b)
64. The Russian Revolution took place in which of the following centuries?
A. 17th
B. 18th
C. 19th
D. 20th
65. The Communist International (Comintern) was:
A. An international union of pro-Bolshevik socialist parties
B. A union of capitalist countries
C. A peace treaty
D. A military alliance
66. Stalin’s Five Year Plans led to:
A. A decrease in industrial production
B. The creation of new factory cities
C. A decrease in the power of the state
D. Greater power for the peasants
67. The Duma was dismissed by the Tsar in 1917 on:
A. 24 February
B. 25 February
C. 26 February
D. 27 February
68. The Petrograd Soviet was formed during the:
A. 1905 Revolution
B. February Revolution
C. October Revolution
D. Civil War
69. Which of the following is a characteristic of a communist society according to Marx?
A. A classless and stateless society
B. A society controlled by the capitalists
C. A society with a powerful king
D. A society with a large middle class
Answer: (a)
70. Who were the Bolsheviks?
A. The majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party
B. The minority faction
C. The supporters of the Tsar
D. The supporters of the Provisional Government
71. Which of the following was NOT a feature of the February Revolution?
A. It was spontaneous
B. It involved massive strikes
C. It was led by the Bolsheviks
D. It led to the abdication of the Tsar
72. What was the main reason for Russia’s heavy losses in World War I?
A. The enemy had superior technology
B. The Russian army was poorly led and equipped
C. The Russian army was too small
D. Russia had no allies
73. The October Revolution is also known as the:
A. Bolshevik Revolution
B. Menshevik Revolution
C. Socialist Revolution
D. February Revolution
74. What was the role of the Okhrana in Tsarist Russia?
A. It was the secret police
B. It was the parliament
C. It was the army
D. It was the church
Answer: (a)
75. What was the Comintern?
A. An international communist organization
B. A peace treaty
C. A military alliance
D. A trade union
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