75 Solved MCQs are a powerful tool for mastering any chapter. This comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions for Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution (Class 9 History, Chapter 2) will help you build a strong foundation for your exams. These questions cover key events, figures, and concepts like the February and October Revolutions, the roles of Lenin and Stalin, and the various political groups that shaped this pivotal moment in history.

At Dhingra Classes Nashik, we believe that consistent practice with such questions is a cornerstone of academic excellence.

📚 Set 1: Foundational MCQs

1. At the beginning of the 20th century, the majority of the Russian people worked in the:

• A. Industrial sector

• B. Agricultural sector

• C. Mining sector

• D. Transport sector

Answer: (b)  – The vast majority of Russia’s population were agriculturists.

2. In the mid-19th century, which idea attracted widespread attention on the restructuring of society in Europe?

• A. Capitalism

• B. Socialism

• C. Dictatorship

• D. None of the above

Answer: (b) 

3. Which religion was followed by most of the people of Russia?

• A. Catholics

• B. Protestants

• C. Russian Orthodox Christianity

• D. None of the above

Answer: (c) 

4. Who were the “Jadidists”?

• A. They were nationalists

• B. They were revolutionaries

• C. They were Buddhists

• D. They were the Muslim reformers within the Russian empire

Answer: (d) 

5. During World War I, Russia fought against:

• A. Britain & France

• B. Germany, Austria & Turkey

• C. America

• D. All of the above

Answer: (b)  – Russia was part of the Allied Powers, fighting against the Central Powers.

6. Why did the Tsar dismiss the first Duma within 75 days of its election?

• A. Because it was incapable of taking good decisions

• B. Because the Tsar did not want anyone to question his authority

• C. The term of first Duma was of 75 days only

• D. None of the above

Answer: (b) 

7. Who led the Bolshevik group in Russia during the Russian Revolution?

• A. Karl Marx

• B. Friedrich Engels

• C. Vladimir Lenin

• D. Trotsky

Answer: (c) 

8. Socialists took over the government in Russia through the:

• A. February Revolution in 1917

• B. October Revolution in 1917

• C. November Revolution in 1918

• D. December Revolution in 1919

Answer: (b)  – Also known as the Bolshevik Revolution.

9. Who started the ‘Collectivisation Programme’ in Russia?

• A. Lenin

• B. Karl Marx

• C. Stalin

• D. Rasputin

Answer: (c) 

10. Who were the ‘Kulaks’?

• A. Workers of the Bolshevik Party

• B. Workers of the Menshevik Party

• C. Well-to-do peasants

• D. Landless labourers

Answer: (c) 

11. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in:

• A. 1898

• B. 1900

• C. 1905

• D. 1917

Answer: (a) 

12. The incident known as ‘Bloody Sunday’ occurred in:

• A. 1905

• B. 1914

• C. 1917

• D. 1920

Answer: (a) 

13. The Soviet Union under Stalin can best be described as a:

• A. Socialist democracy

• B. Communist utopia

• C. Ruthless dictatorship

• D. Constitutional monarchy

Answer: (c) 

14. What does ‘Soviet’ mean in the Russian context?

• A. Parliament

• B. Council

• C. Army

• D. Court

Answer: (b) 

15. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Russia and:

• A. Germany

• B. Britain

• C. France

• D. Japan

Answer: (a) 

16. Who led the provisional government formed in March 1917?

• A. Lenin

• B. Kerensky

• C. Trotsky

• D. Stalin

Answer: (b) 

17. The secret police force created by the Bolsheviks was called:

• A. Gestapo

• B. Cheka

• C. KGB

• D. NKVD

Answer: (b) 

18. Tsar Nicholas II abdicated on:

• A. 15 March 1917

• B. 25 October 1917

• C. 2 April 1930

• D. 5 January 1922

Answer: (a)  – On March 2, 1917 (according to the Julian calendar, which is March 15 according to the Gregorian calendar).

19. The main leader of the Russian Revolution was:

• A. Lenin

• B. Stalin

• C. Tolstoy

• D. Gorky

Answer: (a) 

20. Who is considered the father of socialism?

• A. Rousseau

• B. Karl Marx

• C. Engels

• D. Bakunin

Answer: (b) 

📚 Set 2: Assertion and Reasoning MCQs

21. Assertion (A): Liberals were not Democrats.
Reason (R): Liberals did not believe in Universal Adult Franchise and wanted the right to vote for only the men of property.

• (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.

• (c) A is correct but R is wrong.

• (d) A is wrong but R is correct.

Answer: (a)  – This accurately explains the liberal position.

22. Assertion (A): The Tsar dismissed the First Duma within 75 days of its Election.
Reason (R): The Tsar did not want any reduction in his power.

• (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.

• (c) A is correct but R is wrong.

• (d) A is wrong but R is correct.

Answer: (a) 

23. Assertion (A): Workers in England and Germany began forming associations.
Reason (R): They wanted new machinery to be installed in factories.

• (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.

• (c) A is true but R is false.

• (d) A is false but R is true.

Answer: (c)  – Workers formed associations to fight for better living and working conditions.

24. Assertion (A): There was speculation that in 1917, the provisional government would establish a dictatorship.
Reason (R): The Bolsheviks gained importance as soon as Lenin returned from exile.

• (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.

• (c) A is true but R is false.

• (d) A is false but R is true.

Answer: (a) 

📚 Set 3: Leaders, Groups, and Ideas MCQs

25. Which of the following was NOT a feature of socialism?

• A. Collective ownership of property

• B. Class-based society

• C. Social welfare

• D. Equality

Answer: (b)  – Socialism advocates for a classless society.

26. What was ‘Budeonovka’?

• A. A Bolshevik newspaper

• B. A special cap worn by Bolshevik supporters

• C. A revolutionary song

• D. A Soviet building

Answer: (b) 

27. Which of these groups did NOT exist during the Russian Civil War?

• A. Whites

• B. Reds

• C. Greens

• D. Blacks

Answer: (d)  – The Greens were a third force.

28. Which of the following was NOT a feature of the 19th century Europe?

• A. New cities

• B. High wages

• C. Industrial Revolution

• D. Expansion of Railways

Answer: (b)  – Workers generally faced low wages and poor conditions.

29. Who were the important Socialists of the 19th century Europe?

• A. Rousseau and Voltaire

• B. Lenin and Stalin

• C. Charles Darwin and Spencer

• D. Karl Marx and Engels

Answer: (d) 

30. On 16th October 1917, Lenin persuaded whom to agree to a Socialist seizure of power?

• A. The liberals, radicals and conservatives

• B. Alexander Kerensky

• C. The Petrograd Soviet and the Bolshevik Party

• D. All Russian Congress of Soviets

Answer: (c) 

31. Lenin believed that the workers would triumph in their conflicts with the capitalists. A communist society was the natural society of the future. This aligns with the ideas of:

• A. Rousseau

• B. Adam Smith

• C. Karl Marx

• D. None of the above

Answer: (c)

32. Who was the leader of the Mensheviks?

• A. Lenin

• B. Stalin

• C. Trotsky

• D. None of the above

Answer: (d)  – The Mensheviks were led by figures like Julius Martov.

33. The name of St. Petersburg was changed to Petrograd in 1914 because:

• A. It sounded more Russian

• B. It was a royal decree

• C. It was to commemorate a victory

• D. Russia was at war with Germany

Answer: (a)  – It was changed to sound less German.

34. The Duma was the:

• A. Russian Parliament

• B. Russian Army

• C. Secret Police

• D. Russian Court

Answer: (a) 

📚 Set 4: Key Events and Dates MCQs

35. When did the October Revolution begin?

• A. 5 November 1917

• B. 6 November 1917

• C. 7 November 1917

• D. 8 November 1917

Answer: (c)  – According to the Gregorian calendar (October 25 according to the Julian calendar).

36. The Russian Revolution took place in:

• A. 1717 AD

• B. 1817 AD

• C. 1917 AD

• D. 1972 AD

Answer: (c) 

37. When did the Tsarist Empire fall?

• A. 15 March 1917

• B. 27 February 1930

• C. 2 April 1930

• D. 5 January 1922

Answer: (a) 

38. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed in:

• A. 1917

• B. 1918

• C. 1919

• D. 1920

Answer: (b) 

39. The Russian Civil War lasted from:

• A. 1917 to 1918

• B. 1918 to 1920

• C. 1919 to 1922

• D. 1917 to 1921

Answer: (b) 

40. In what year was the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party founded?

• A. 1898

• B. 1900

• C. 1905

• D. 1917

Answer: (a) 

41. Bloody Sunday occurred in which year?

• A. 1904

• B. 1905

• C. 1906

• D. 1917

Answer: (b) 

42. The government suspended the Duma on:

• A. 24 February 1905

• B. 25 February 1917

• C. 21 February 1908

• D. 22 February 1914

Answer: (b) 

43. The lockout that triggered the February Revolution took place on:

• A. 22 February 1917

• B. 23 February 1917

• C. 24 February 1917

• D. 25 February 1917

Answer: (a) 

44. When was Russia proclaimed a republic?

• A. 3 March 1917

• B. 25 October 1917

• C. 1 September 1917

• D. 5 January 1918

Answer: (c) 

📚 Set 5: Concepts and Causes MCQs

45. Why did the Tsar dismiss the first Duma?

• A. Because it was incapable of taking good decisions

• B. Because the Tsar did not want anyone to question his authority

• C. The term of first Duma was of 75 days only

• D. None of the above

Answer: (b) 

46. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Russian Revolution?

• A. Autocratic rule

• B. The miserable condition of the common people

• C. The spread of socialism

• D. The popularity of the monarchy

Answer: (d) 

47. What was the condition of the workers at the beginning of the 20th century?

• A. They had high wages

• B. They had short working hours

• C. They were highly skilled

• D. None of the above

Answer: (d)  – They faced long hours, poor wages, and divided social groups.

48. How did the First World War affect Russia?

• A. It boosted the economy

• B. It caused severe food and labour shortages

• C. It strengthened the Tsar’s position

• D. It had no significant impact

Answer: (b) 

49. What is the name of the secret police in Russia?

• A. Gestapo

• B. KGB

• C. Cheka

• D. Stasi

Answer: (c) 

50. Russia was having an __________ Government.

• A. Democratic

• B. Aristocratic

• C. Autocratic

• D. Republican

Answer: (c) 

51. By 1914, what percentage of the factory labour force were women?

• A. 15%

• B. 20%

• C. 31%

• D. 40%

Answer: (c) 

52. What were the 5 Year Plans in Russia?

• A. Military strategies

• B. Plans for political reform

• C. Centralised plans for economic growth

• D. Plans for cultural development

Answer: (c) 

53. What is the name of the police force established by the Bolsheviks?

• A. The Duma

• B. The Cheka

• C. The KGB

• D. The Politburo

Answer: (b) 

54. The Russian Revolution had a global influence, leading to:

• A. The establishment of communist parties in several countries

• B. The end of World War I

• C. The end of colonialism in all countries

• D. The immediate defeat of all capitalist countries

Answer: (a) 

55. Why did Stalin introduce collectivization?

• A. To increase the power of the peasants

• B. To make small-scale farming more efficient

• C. To overcome food shortages and modernize agriculture

• D. To reduce the power of the state

Answer: (c) 

56. What was the ‘dual power’ that emerged in Russia in 1917?

• A. The power of the Tsar and the Duma

• B. The power of the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet

• C. The power of the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks

• D. The power of the army and the church

Answer: (b) 

57. Who led the provisional government after the February Revolution?

• A. Lenin

• B. Trotsky

• C. Kerensky

• D. Stalin

Answer: (c) 

58. What role did the Petrograd Soviet play after the February Revolution?

• A. It supported the Tsar

• B. It challenged the authority of the Provisional Government

• C. It rejected the demands of the workers

• D. It called for a return to autocracy

Answer: (b) 

59. What was the main demand of Lenin’s April Theses?

• A. Continued support for the war

• B. An end to the war, land to the peasants, and banks to be nationalised

• C. Support for the Provisional Government

• D. A return to the old ways

Answer: (b) 

60. The Russian Revolution is a turning point in history because:

• A. It marked the end of World War I

• B. It brought an end to the monarchy in Russia

• C. It established a completely new type of state

• D. It was a completely bloodless revolution

Answer: (c)

61. Who were the Whites in the Russian Civil War?

• A. Supporters of the Bolsheviks

• B. Supporters of the Tsar

• C. People who wanted no side in the conflict

• D. An army of foreign invaders

Answer: (b) 

62. What was War Communism?

• A. The Bolshevik policy during the Civil War

• B. The policy of the Provisional Government

• C. A German policy

• D. A British policy

Answer: (a) 

63. The Bolshevik Party was renamed the ________.

• A. Social Democratic Party

• B. Russian Communist Party

• C. Socialist Workers Party

• D. Menshevik Party

Answer: (b)

64. The Russian Revolution took place in which of the following centuries?

• A. 17th

• B. 18th

• C. 19th

• D. 20th

Answer: (d) 

65. The Communist International (Comintern) was:

• A. An international union of pro-Bolshevik socialist parties

• B. A union of capitalist countries

• C. A peace treaty

• D. A military alliance

Answer: (a) 

66. Stalin’s Five Year Plans led to:

• A. A decrease in industrial production

• B. The creation of new factory cities

• C. A decrease in the power of the state

• D. Greater power for the peasants

Answer: (b) 

67. The Duma was dismissed by the Tsar in 1917 on:

• A. 24 February

• B. 25 February

• C. 26 February

• D. 27 February

Answer: (b) 

68. The Petrograd Soviet was formed during the:

• A. 1905 Revolution

• B. February Revolution

• C. October Revolution

• D. Civil War

Answer: (b) 

69. Which of the following is a characteristic of a communist society according to Marx?

• A. A classless and stateless society

• B. A society controlled by the capitalists

• C. A society with a powerful king

• D. A society with a large middle class

Answer: (a)

70. Who were the Bolsheviks?

• A. The majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party

• B. The minority faction

• C. The supporters of the Tsar

• D. The supporters of the Provisional Government

Answer: (a) 

71. Which of the following was NOT a feature of the February Revolution?

• A. It was spontaneous

• B. It involved massive strikes

• C. It was led by the Bolsheviks

• D. It led to the abdication of the Tsar

Answer: (c) 

72. What was the main reason for Russia’s heavy losses in World War I?

• A. The enemy had superior technology

• B. The Russian army was poorly led and equipped

• C. The Russian army was too small

• D. Russia had no allies

Answer: (b) 

73. The October Revolution is also known as the:

• A. Bolshevik Revolution

• B. Menshevik Revolution

• C. Socialist Revolution

• D. February Revolution

Answer: (a) 

74. What was the role of the Okhrana in Tsarist Russia?

• A. It was the secret police

• B. It was the parliament

• C. It was the army

• D. It was the church

Answer: (a)

75. What was the Comintern?

• A. An international communist organization

• B. A peace treaty

• C. A military alliance

• D. A trade union

Answer: (a) 

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