Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. One of the most fundamental skills in chemistry is understanding chemical formulae and names of compounds. A chemical formula is a representation of a chemical substance using letters (symbols of elements) and numbers (subscripts) to show the number of each type of atom present in a compound . For students in Class 6 to 10, learning these basic chemical formulas is essential for mastering science and excelling in examinations. At Dhingra Classes Nashik, we believe that building a strong foundation in chemistry begins with understanding the language of chemical compounds.
In this article, we present a comprehensive list of 100 chemical formulae and names of compounds that are commonly used in daily life and frequently appear in school curricula.
📘 What is a Chemical Formula?
A chemical formula is a symbolic representation of a compound. It indicates the types of atoms present and the exact number of each atom in a molecule of the compound. For example:
Water (H₂O): Contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): Contains 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms.
Formulae are derived using the valencies (combining capacities) of elements and are essential for writing balanced chemical equations.
📊 100 Chemical Compounds with Their Formulae and Names
Here is a comprehensive list of 100 chemical compounds, their chemical formulae, and common names where applicable. This list is organized into categories for easy reference.
Acids (31-40)
| Name of Compound | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Hydrochloric Acid | HCl |
| Sulfuric Acid | H₂SO₄ |
| Nitric Acid | HNO₃ |
| Acetic Acid | CH₃COOH |
| Carbonic Acid | H₂CO₃ |
| Phosphoric Acid | H₃PO₄ |
| Hydrobromic Acid | HBr |
| Hydroiodic Acid | HI |
| Hydrocyanic Acid | HCN |
| Sulfurous Acid | H₂SO₃ |
Bases and Alkalis (41-50)
| Name of Compound | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Sodium Hydroxide | NaOH |
| Potassium Hydroxide | KOH |
| Calcium Hydroxide | Ca(OH)₂ |
| Magnesium Hydroxide | Mg(OH)₂ |
| Ammonium Hydroxide | NH₄OH |
| Barium Hydroxide | Ba(OH)₂ |
| Aluminum Hydroxide | Al(OH)₃ |
| Lithium Hydroxide | LiOH |
| Zinc Hydroxide | Zn(OH)₂ |
| Lead Hydroxide | Pb(OH)₂ |
Organic Compounds (51-60)
| Name of Compound | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Methane | CH₄ |
| Ethane | C₂H₆ |
| Ethanol | C₂H₅OH |
| Benzene | C₆H₆ |
| Glucose | C₆H₁₂O₆ |
| Sucrose | C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ |
| Urea | NH₂CONH₂ |
| Acetone | C₃H₆O |
| Formaldehyde | CH₂O |
| T.N.T. (Trinitrotoluene) | C₇H₅N₃O₆ |
Other Important Compounds (61-100)
| Name of Compound | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Carbon Disulfide | CS₂ |
| Chloroform | CHCl₃ |
| Carbon Tetrachloride | CCl₄ |
| Borax | Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O |
| Alum (Potash Alum) | K₂SO₄·Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O |
| Quick Lime | CaO |
| Plaster of Paris | CaSO₄·½H₂O |
| Gypsum | CaSO₄·2H₂O |
| Sand | SiO₂ |
| Heavy Water | D₂O |
| Mohr’s Salt | FeSO₄(NH₄)₂SO₄·6H₂O |
| Potash Alum | KAl(SO₄)₂ |
| Green Vitriol | FeSO₄·7H₂O |
| Blue Vitriol | CuSO₄·5H₂O |
| White Vitriol | ZnSO₄·7H₂O |
| Epsom Salt | MgSO₄ |
| Litharge | PbO |
| Galena | PbS |
| Vermilion (Red Lead) | Pb₃O₄ |
| Horn Silver | AgCl |
| Laughing Gas | N₂O |
| Marsh Gas | CH₄ |
| Producer Gas | CO + N₂ |
| Dry Ice | CO₂ (Solid) |
| Bleaching Powder | Ca(OCl)·Cl |
| Baking Powder | NaHCO₃ |
| Washing Soda | Na₂CO₃ |
| Common Salt | NaCl |
| Sugar | C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ |
| Vinegar | CH₃COOH |
| Turpentine Oil | C₁₀H₁₆ |
| Phenol | C₆H₅OH |
| Starch | C₆H₁₀O₅ |
| Acetate | CH₃COO– |
| Nitrous Acid | HNO₂ |
| Potassium Nitrate | KNO₃ |
| Sodium Phosphate | Na₃PO₄ |
| Ammonium Chloride | NH₄Cl |
| Ammonium Nitrate | NH₄NO₃ |
| Salicylic Acid | C₇H₆O₃ |
📚 How to Memorize Chemical Formulae
| Tip | Description |
|---|---|
| Learn Valencies | Understanding the valency of elements is the key to writing formulae correctly. For example, sodium (Na) has valency 1, oxygen (O) has valency 2, so sodium oxide is Na₂O. |
| Use Mnemonics | Create memory aids to remember groups of compounds. |
| Group by Families | Learn acids, bases, salts, and organic compounds separately. |
| Practice Regularly | Write formulae daily to reinforce memory. |
| Use Flashcards | Write compound names on one side and formulae on the other. |
🌟 Common Compounds and Their Everyday Uses
Water (H₂O): Universal solvent, essential for life.
Sodium Chloride (NaCl): Table salt, used in cooking and preservation.
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO₃): Baking soda, used in baking and as an antacid.
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃): Found in chalk, marble, and limestone.
Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH): Vinegar, used in cooking and cleaning.
Ammonia (NH₃): Used in fertilizers and cleaning products.
🌈 How Dhingra Classes Helps Students Master Chemistry
At Dhingra Classes Nashik, we make chemistry easy and interesting by:
Conceptual teaching – Explaining the “why” behind every formula.
Interactive sessions – Using visual aids, quizzes, and group activities.
Regular practice – Worksheets, memory exercises, and revision.
Personalized attention – Helping each student overcome their challenges.
📞 Contact Dhingra Classes Nashik
Phone: 98230 62106
Email: dhingraclassesnsk@gmail.com
Website: www.dhingraclassesnashik.com
Address: Plot No 3, XQ3G+H3M Deacon Homes, 301C, opp. Metro Zone, near Guru Govind Sing, Samarth Nagar, Dnyaneshwar Nagar, Pathardi Phata, Nashik, Maharashtra 422009
🏁 Conclusion
Mastering chemical formulae and names of compounds is a fundamental skill that opens the door to understanding chemistry. For students in Class 6 to 10, this list of 100 compounds serves as a valuable resource for building a strong foundation in science. With regular practice and the right guidance, you can easily master the language of chemistry.
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